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许多人一提到污染，先想到脏空气或脏水。贝尔法斯特女王大学 Hansjoerg Kunc 与 Rouven Schmidt 在 Science 发表的荟萃分析提出：人为噪声也可能广泛改变野生动物的生理、发育、行为与捕食关系。阅读时可留意 pollution、analysis、experimental、behavior、conservation、selection、pressure 等词，并区分汇总发现与仍待细化的政策阈值。

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Many people think of pollution as dirty air or dirty water. A new analysis in the journal Science says noise from human activity may also reshape wildlife on a wide scale. Behavioral ecologists Hansjoerg Kunc and Rouven Schmidt of Queen’s University Belfast reviewed how anthropogenic sound changes animals across land and sea.

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许多人把污染想成脏空气或脏水。《科学》杂志上的一项新分析指出，人类活动产生的噪声也可能在很大范围内重塑野生动物的生活。英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的行为生态学家 Hansjoerg Kunc 与 Rouven Schmidt，梳理了人为声音如何改变陆地与海洋中的动物。

The team compiled results from 214 experimental studies covering 177 aquatic and terrestrial species. The animals’ ranges reach six continents and almost every country. In total, the researchers tracked more than 1,000 cases in which noise altered physiology, development, behavior, or how species interact. Noise changed at least one trait in about 80 percent of the species studied—a finding that surprised Kunc because nearly every study reported some change.

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研究团队汇总了 214 项实验研究的结果，涵盖 177 种水生与陆生物种。这些动物的分布范围横跨六大洲、几乎遍及每个国家。研究者共追踪到一千多起噪声改变生理、发育、行为或物种互动的案例。在所研究物种中，约 80% 至少有一项性状发生变化——这一结果令 Kunc 吃惊，因为几乎每项研究都报告了某种改变。

The effects were not limited to stress or louder birdsong. In some species, noise altered gene activity, immune function, respiration, or organ growth. It also changed foraging, movement, and predator avoidance. Responses were not uniform: some parents increased care for their young under noise, while others reduced it. Western bluebirds briefly exposed to traffic noise sometimes failed to feed chicks, yet birds nesting in places that were already noisy fed young more as sound grew louder.

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影响并不限于压力或鸟叫声变响。在某些物种中，噪声改变了基因活动、免疫功能、呼吸或器官生长，也会改变觅食、移动和躲避捕食者的方式。反应并不一致：有些亲代在噪声下增加对幼崽的照料，有些则减少。西蓝鸲在短暂接触交通噪声时，有时无法把食物送到雏鸟身边；而长期生活在嘈杂地的鸟，却可能随着噪声变大而喂得更多。

Noise also created winners and losers in the same food web. Bats that hunt by listening for moths needed more time and energy when noise masked faint rustles, while moths could escape more often. Across studies, predators often worked about 2.5 times harder yet caught about one-quarter less prey. Shelters were not always safe either. Shore crabs and lobsters may leave enclosed hiding places when ship noise is amplified inside, pushing them into the open where danger rises. Species abundance fell by roughly 40 percent in noisy areas in the pooled data, and mortality rose by almost 140 percent. Extremely loud seismic surveys can even kill fish by damaging swim bladders.

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噪声还会在同一食物网中制造赢家与输家。靠听蛾子细微声响捕猎的蝙蝠，在噪声掩盖声响时需要更多时间和能量，蛾子则更容易逃脱。综合多项研究，捕食者往往要多付出约 2.5 倍努力，却少捕获约四分之一猎物。藏身之所也未必安全。岸蟹与龙虾在船噪声于封闭空间被放大时，可能离开隐蔽处，被推到更危险的开阔地带。汇总数据显示，噪声区域物种丰度约下降 40%，死亡率上升近 140%。极响的地震勘探声甚至会损坏鱼鳔并导致鱼类死亡。

Outside experts say the pattern is broad but still needs finer detail for policy. Lucille Chapuis of La Trobe University notes that humans bring noise almost everywhere. Hans Slabbekoorn of Leiden University stresses that a species may be hurt through its prey even when it seems unaffected itself. Kunc and Schmidt argue that soundscape protection should sit beside habitat conservation, for example through quieter vehicles and zones with almost no noise. The paper, titled Echoes of the Anthropocene, frames noise as a novel selection pressure reshaping ecosystems—and as a stressor that conservation plans should no longer treat as a minor annoyance.

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外部专家认为，这一格局范围很广，但政策仍需更细致的数据。拉筹伯大学的 Lucille Chapuis 指出，人类几乎走到哪里就带来噪声。莱顿大学的 Hans Slabbekoorn 强调，即使某个物种看似未受影响，也可能通过猎物间接受害。Kunc 与 Schmidt 主张，声景保护应与栖息地保护并列，例如推广更安静的交通工具和接近无噪声的区域。这篇题为《人类世的回响》的论文把噪声框定为重塑生态系统的新型选择压力，也是保护规划不应再当作次要烦恼的压力源。

新闻来源

• Science · Echoes of the Anthropocene: Noise pollution as a global threat (DOI 10.1126/science.adu9593)
• Science | AAAS News · Noise pollution is causing potentially massive problems for wildlife across the globe (5 Nov 2026)
• Queen’s University Belfast · Wildlife paying the price for noise pollution, Queen’s study finds (5 Nov 2026)

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