中文导读 人们常说“假笑也能让人开心”，但佛罗里达大学心理学家 Nicholas Coles 团队给出更贴近职场的限定：单次摆出微笑或可短暂提升幸福感，反复且带金钱压力的强迫微笑会削弱甚至反转这一效果。研究于 2026-10-01 发表在《实验社会心理学杂志》，University of Florida News 于 2026-11-03 报道；共分析 1,174 名在线被试，比较愉悦/不悦图片、自然表情与摆拍微笑，以及是否面临扣款警告。阅读时可留意 yet、while、may、suggests 如何区分实验室发现、现实压力与适用边界。
正文 A single smile may briefly lift happiness , but forcing the same face again and again can erase that benefit and even make people feel worse . University of Florida News reported the finding on 3 November 2026. Psychologist Nicholas Coles and colleagues published the experiment on 1 October 2026 in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology .
本段译文 单次微笑或许能短暂提升幸福感，但一次次强迫同一表情，可能抹去这一好处，甚至让人感觉更糟。佛罗里达大学新闻处在 2026 年 11 月 3 日报道了这一发现。心理学家尼古拉斯·科尔斯及其同事于 2026 年 10 月 1 日在《实验社会心理学杂志》发表了这项实验。
For years , many studies have suggested that posing a smile can slightly raise mood — a claim sometimes called facial feedback . Coles had helped build that evidence yet it conflicted with his own past in customer service . He once worked at an unnamed theme park in Florida and was written up for failing to keep smiling . That gap between lab results and real work pushed the team to add more realistic pressure
本段译文 多年来，许多研究提出摆出微笑能轻微抬高情绪——这一说法有时被称为面部反馈。科尔斯本人曾参与积累这类证据，但这与他过去的客服经历相冲突。他曾在佛罗里达一家未具名的主题公园工作，并因无法持续微笑而被书面警告。实验室结果与真实工作之间的落差，推动团队加入更贴近现实的压力条件。
The researchers recruited 1,201 people and included 1,174 in the final analysis . Participants viewed pleasant pictures , such as kittens and flowers , or unpleasant ones that showed theft or animal mistreatment . They either posed a smile or let their faces respond naturally , once or ten times . Half were told they could lose $2 of a $6 payment if they failed to follow instructions ; in fact , everyone received the full amount
本段译文 研究人员招募了 1,201 人，最终分析纳入 1,174 人。被试观看愉悦图片（如小猫与花朵）或不悦图片（如偷窃或虐待动物的画面）。他们或摆出微笑，或让面部自然反应，并重复一次或十次。半数人被告知：若未按要求完成，可能从 6 美元报酬中扣除 2 美元；实际上所有人都拿到了全额报酬。
After each task , people rated their happiness . A single posed smile gave a small lift when they looked at unpleasant pictures , even under the money warning Repeating the smile weakened that lift , and combining repetition with the financial threat erased it . With pleasant pictures , one voluntary smile barely changed mood , while repeated or pressured smiles made people less happy than natural responses Forced smiles in those settings also tended to raise irritation and anger
本段译文 每项任务后，人们评定自己的幸福感。面对不悦图片时，即使有金钱警告，单次摆拍微笑仍带来小幅提升。重复微笑削弱了这一提升；把重复与金钱威胁结合起来，则完全抹去了效果。面对愉悦图片时，一次自愿微笑几乎不改变情绪，而反复或受压的微笑反而让人比自然反应更不开心。在这些情境中，强迫微笑还往往增加恼怒与愤怒。
“If you only force a smile once without any financial penalties , you can see the improvement in happiness ,” Coles said . “But when you make it more like the real world , where you have to keep repeating it , and if you don’t do it well , you get financial penalties , you see it completely reverse Researchers Annabel Dang and Joao Francisco Goes Braga Takayanagi helped design the tests
本段译文 “如果你只强迫微笑一次，且没有任何金钱惩罚，你可以看到幸福感的改善，”科尔斯说。“但当你把它做得更像真实世界——必须不断重复，而且做得不好就会有金钱惩罚——你就会看到效果完全反转。”研究人员 Annabel Dang 与 Joao Francisco Goes Braga Takayanagi 参与设计了这些测试。
The results speak to workplace rules that require constant smiling . Coles argues such policies can shrink emotional autonomy for staff and for customers who must answer fake kindness . After years of studying ways to raise happiness , he suggests people may gain more from feeling content with what they already have than from endless efforts to feel happier . The study used people’s own mood ratings in an online experiment , so it cannot settle every job setting ; still , it adds a clear caveat to the simple advice to “fake it until you make it .”
本段译文 这些结果关乎要求持续微笑的职场规则。科尔斯认为，此类政策可能压缩员工的情绪自主，也压缩必须回应虚假善意的顾客的自主空间。在多年研究如何提升幸福感之后，他提出：与其不断努力让自己更快乐，人们或许更能从对已有事物的满足中获益。该研究采用在线实验中人们自己的情绪评分，因此不能裁定每一种真实岗位情境；即便如此，它为“假装开心直到真的开心”这类简单建议补上了一道清晰的限定。
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