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2 型糖尿病患者常用胰岛素降低血糖，但多余能量仍可能变成脂肪。瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院团队在《科学》期刊报告了一种无线供电的植入装置：用金和铂构成的无机催化剂，把多余葡萄糖转成可随尿液排出的葡萄糖酸盐。文章先说明胰岛素的局限，再介绍装置原理与闭环控制，然后写实验室五升溶液试验和糖尿病小鼠六周结果，最后强调尚未人体试验。阅读时可留意 however、because、when、even so 如何连接问题、方法和边界，以及 may、meant to、needed 如何表达不确定与未完成的步骤。

正文

People with type 2 diabetes often need help keeping blood sugar under control. Insulin can lower that sugar by helping muscle cells take it in. However, insulin does not remove the extra energy from the body. If the energy is not used, it may later turn into fat. That is one reason some patients still gain weight while they receive treatment.

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患有 2 型糖尿病的人常常需要帮助把血糖控制在合适范围。胰岛素可以通过帮助肌肉细胞吸收糖分来降低血糖。不过，胰岛素并不能把多余的能量从身体里清走。如果这些能量没有被用掉，之后可能转变成脂肪。这也是一些患者在接受治疗时仍会增重的原因之一。

Researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland have tested a different idea. Led by Professor Martin Fussenegger, the team built a small implant that uses electricity, not ordinary drugs, to clear excess glucose. Their findings were published in the journal Science on 22 October 2026.

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瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETH Zurich）的研究人员测试了另一种思路。团队由 Martin Fussenegger 教授带领，制成一种小型植入装置，用电力而不是常规药物来清除多余的葡萄糖。相关发现于 2026 年 10 月 22 日发表在期刊《科学》（Science）上。

At the heart of the device is a catalyst made only from inorganic materials. It does not need living cells or enzymes. Graphite felt carries tiny gold clusters covered with even smaller platinum particles. When the surface receives electrical power, it turns glucose into gluconate, a related substance that the kidneys can send out in urine. Because that part of the glucose is removed rather than stored, the approach may also limit fat build-up.

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装置的核心是一种完全由无机材料制成的催化剂，不需要活细胞或酶。石墨毡上带着细小的金团簇，外面再覆盖更小的铂颗粒。当这个表面获得电能时，会把葡萄糖转化成葡萄糖酸盐（gluconate）；肾脏可以把这种相关物质随尿液排出。由于这部分葡萄糖是被移除而不是被储存，该方法也可能有助于限制脂肪堆积。

The implant is powered wirelessly at 13.56 megahertz, a frequency already set aside for medical and scientific uses. In the closed loop design described by the team, a common continuous glucose sensor watches levels in tissue. When sugar rises after a meal, the sensor can signal a phone or watch by Bluetooth. The smart device then turns the implant on. When levels return to the chosen range, the system switches itself off. That feedback is meant to protect against dangerously low blood sugar.

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植入装置以 13.56 兆赫无线供电，该频率已被预留给医疗和科学用途。在团队描述的闭环设计中，常见的连续血糖传感器监测组织中的糖分水平。饭后血糖升高时，传感器可通过蓝牙向手机或手表发信号，智能设备再启动植入装置。当水平回到设定范围，系统会自行关闭。这种反馈意在防止血糖降得过低带来危险。

In the laboratory, the catalyst worked in a five-litre tank of glucose solution, roughly the volume of blood in an adult human body. The researchers then placed the system in diabetic mice. Over six weeks, the implant regulated blood sugar with care, the animals lost weight, and the device was well tolerated. Fussenegger said the system runs at a very low voltage, and the tests showed no clear tissue damage from electrical or thermal effects.

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在实验室里，催化剂在装有约五升葡萄糖溶液的容器中起了作用，这一体积大致相当于成人人体内的血液量。研究人员随后把系统放入糖尿病小鼠体内。六周里，植入装置较精确地调节了血糖，动物体重下降，装置也耐受良好。Fussenegger 说，系统在很低电压下运行，测试中没有看到明显的电损伤或热损伤。

The work is still early. The device has not been tested in humans, and more studies are needed before any clinical use. Even so, the team plans to develop it as a medical device. Fussenegger argues that for decades doctors have told the body how to manage glucose; this project tries to control excess glucose directly with electronics that switch on only when levels are too high.

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这项工作仍处于早期。装置尚未在人体上测试，投入任何临床使用前还需要更多研究。即便如此，团队计划把它开发成医疗器械。Fussenegger 认为，几十年来医生一直在“告诉”身体如何管理葡萄糖；而这个项目试图用电子装置直接控制多余葡萄糖，并且只在水平过高时开启。

新闻来源

• ETH Zurich · Tackling diabetes with an electronic implant: how a tiny catalyst lowers blood sugar (22 Oct 2026)
• Science · Wireless electrocatalytic closed-loop system for drug-free management of diabesity (Maity et al., 22 Oct 2026)
• ScienceDaily · New diabetes implant uses electricity to lower blood sugar and promote weight loss (2 Nov 2026, source: ETH Zurich)

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