中文导读

文章从四人乘组结束长达一年多的“火星地面模拟”、重新见到阳光写起，说明这并非真正飞往火星，而是对封闭生活与远程协作的考验。随后交代 CHAPEA 项目名称、乘组成员与三维打印住所的规模，再写日常任务：模拟火星土壤种植、着装练习行走，以及最长约 44 分钟的通信延迟与两周通信中断。接着用研究者与中心主任的说法点出隔离设计与所需品质，并说明这是第二次同时长任务、随后将有体检与复盘。结尾区分“有用的地面经验”与“载人火星飞行尚未就绪”，帮助读者抓住 may、does not prove、meant to 这类边界用语。

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Four volunteers walked back into sunlight on 31 October 2026 after 378 days inside a Mars-like home. They had not left the sealed habitat at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston since 19 October 2025. Their mission was not a flight to another planet. It was a long test of how people live, work and stay well when Earth feels very far away.

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2026 年 10 月 31 日，四名志愿者在密封的“火星式”住所里待了 378 天后，重新走到阳光下。自 2025 年 10 月 19 日起，他们一直没有离开美国航天局约翰逊航天中心（位于休斯敦）的这处住所。他们的任务并不是飞往另一颗行星，而是一次长时间的考验：当地球显得非常遥远时，人们如何生活、工作并保持健康。

The project is called CHAPEA, short for Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog. The four research volunteers were commander Ross Elder, medical officer Ellen Ellis, science officer Matthew Montgomery and flight engineer James Spicer. They shared a 1,700-square-foot, three-dimensional-printed habitat — about the size of a small three-bedroom house — built inside a hangar.

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该项目名为 CHAPEA，全称是“乘员健康与表现探索模拟”（Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog）。四名研究志愿者分别是指令长 Ross Elder、医务官 Ellen Ellis、科学官 Matthew Montgomery 和飞行工程师 James Spicer。他们共用一处约 1,700 平方英尺、三维打印而成的住所——大致相当于一套小型三居室住宅——建在一座机库内。

Daily life mixed ordinary chores with Mars-style work. The crew grew crops in soil meant to copy Martian ground, studied rocks, kept the habitat running and stepped into a yard for practice walks in space suits. Messages to and from NASA were delayed by up to about 44 minutes each way, matching the lag that real Mars crews would face. At one point they lived through a two-week communications blackout, like the time when the Sun sits between Earth and Mars and radio links go quiet.

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日常既有普通杂务，也有“火星式”工作。乘组在模拟火星土壤中种植作物，研究岩石，维护住所运转，并穿上宇航服到院子里进行练习行走。与美国航天局之间的通信每次往返延迟可达约 44 分钟，以匹配真实火星任务会遇到的时滞。他们还经历了为期两周的通信中断，情形类似太阳位于地球与火星之间、无线电链路暂时静默的时候。

Isolation was part of the design. Investigator Suzanne Bell said the volunteers mainly saw only one another. In quiet hours they found ways to pass time, including forming a band. Johnson Space Center director Vanessa Wyche said living with limited supplies and slow replies demands patience, careful planning and greater independence — qualities future deep-space crews will need.

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隔离本身就是设计的一部分。研究者 Suzanne Bell 说，志愿者主要只见到彼此。在空闲时间里，他们找到了打发时间的办法，包括组建乐队。约翰逊航天中心主任 Vanessa Wyche 表示，在物资有限、回复缓慢的条件下生活，需要耐心、周密计划和更大的独立性——这些正是未来深空乘组所需要的品质。

This was NASA’s second CHAPEA run. An earlier four-person crew spent the same 378 days in isolation between 2023 and 2024. The new crew now faces about two weeks of health checks and debriefs so scientists can study how routines, mood and teamwork held up. NASA still explores Mars with robots, but it hopes to send people there as early as the 2030s. Lessons from CHAPEA are also meant to support later work on the Moon.

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这是美国航天局的第二次 CHAPEA 任务。更早的四人乘组曾在 2023 至 2024 年间同样隔离了 378 天。新乘组现在将接受约两周的健康检查与任务复盘，以便科学家研究日常节律、情绪与团队合作如何维持。美国航天局仍用机器人探索火星，但希望最早在 2030 年代把人送上去。CHAPEA 的经验也打算用于之后的月球相关工作。

The exit does not prove that a human Mars trip is ready. It does show that a small team can keep going for more than a year under hard rules that copy key parts of the journey. For readers, the story is less about rockets than about everyday skills under pressure: sharing a small space, waiting for answers, and staying useful when help cannot arrive quickly.

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这次走出密封舱，并不能证明载人火星之旅已经准备就绪。但它表明，一个小团队可以在模拟旅程关键约束的严苛规则下坚持一年以上。对读者来说，这个故事与其说关乎火箭，不如说关乎压力下的日常能力：共享狭小空间、等待答复，以及在帮助无法迅速抵达时仍保持有用。

新闻来源

• NPR · 4 volunteers who lived in a Mars simulation for a year are back to the real world (1 Nov 2026)
• The Independent / Reuters · NASA crew emerges after 378 days in isolation for simulated Mars mission (1 Nov 2026)
• The Straits Times · Crew from NASA’s simulated Mars mission emerges after 378 days in isolation (2 Nov 2026)

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