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电动汽车通常被看作“用电大户”，但如果车上的电池也能在需要时把电送回电网，它就可能变成一个小小的“移动电站”。据《卫报》10 月 26 日报道，英国政府在审查零排放汽车（ZEV）规定时，正考虑奖励为新车加装“车辆到电网”（V2G）技术的汽车制造商。V2G 让汽车在夜间电价便宜时自动充电，在用电高峰时把部分电能送回电网；当风能和太阳能发电不足时，这有望减少对昂贵燃气电厂的依赖。英国国家能源系统运营机构估计，V2G 到 2030 年可提供 1.2 吉瓦电力，2050 年可达 41 吉瓦。不过，按照提案，车企每卖一辆带 V2G 的车就能获得一个“积分”，可用来多卖一辆汽油车而不被罚款，因此一些团体担心污染会增加，并主张只有在技术真正被使用时才给予奖励。相关公众意见征询已于 10 月 23 日结束，政策尚未确定。阅读时可留意文章如何按“问题—应对—局限”展开，以及 But、so、however、while 等词如何表达转折、结果和对比。

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Most people think of an electric car as something that takes power from the grid. But in Britain, the government is now thinking about cars that can also give power back. According to The Guardian, ministers are considering rewards for carmakers that add “vehicle to grid” technology, often called V2G, to new electric cars.

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大多数人把电动汽车看作从电网取电的东西。但在英国，政府现在正考虑让汽车也能把电送回去。据《卫报》报道，部长们正在考虑奖励那些为新电动汽车加装“车辆到电网”技术（常称 V2G）的汽车制造商。

The idea is simple. A car with V2G can charge automatically at night, when electricity is cheap. Later, when demand is high, it can send some of the stored energy back to the grid. A similar system, called vehicle to home, lets the car’s battery power the driver’s own house.

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这个想法很简单。装有 V2G 的汽车可以在夜间电价便宜时自动充电；之后在用电需求高时，把储存的部分电能送回电网。另一种类似的系统叫“车辆到住宅”，可以让汽车电池为车主自己的房子供电。

Why does this matter? Britain is moving away from oil and gas towards wind and solar power. But on still, cloudy or dark days, these sources may not produce enough electricity, so expensive gas power plants are needed. If millions of cars shared the energy in their batteries, they could help fill the gap. The National Energy System Operator, which balances Great Britain’s grid, estimates that V2G cars could supply 1.2 gigawatts by 2030, about the same as a power station. By 2050, the figure could reach 41 gigawatts, more than a quarter of peak demand.

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这为什么重要？英国正在从石油和天然气转向风能和太阳能。但在无风、多云或天黑的时候，这些能源可能发不出足够的电，于是需要动用昂贵的燃气电厂。如果数百万辆汽车分享电池中的电能，就能帮助填补缺口。负责平衡大不列颠电网的国家能源系统运营机构估计，到 2030 年 V2G 汽车可提供 1.2 吉瓦电力，约相当于一座发电站；到 2050 年，这一数字可能达到 41 吉瓦，超过用电高峰需求的四分之一。

Some drivers already do this. Companies such as Octopus Energy in Britain, Renault in France and BMW in Germany offer services that buy electricity back from car owners. Octopus says drivers could save £620 a year.

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一些车主已经在这样做。英国的 Octopus Energy、法国的雷诺和德国的宝马等公司都提供从车主那里回购电力的服务。Octopus 称，车主每年可节省 620 英镑。

The plan, however, has critics. Under Britain’s zero-emission vehicle rules, carmakers must sell a growing share of electric cars or risk fines. The proposal would give them a “credit“ for each car sold with V2G. That credit would let them sell another petrol car without being punished. Campaign groups worry this could mean more pollution in the next few years.

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不过，这一计划也受到批评。根据英国的零排放汽车规定，汽车制造商必须销售越来越高比例的电动汽车，否则可能被罚款。该提案会为每辆配备 V2G 的汽车给予制造商一个“积分”，而这个积分能让他们多卖一辆汽油车而不受处罚。一些环保运动团体担心，这可能意味着未来几年污染增加。

Ben Nelmes of New AutoMotive, a group that follows the move to electric cars, called V2G “exciting technology“, but said carmakers should be rewarded only if it is actually used. The equipment costs a few hundred pounds, he noted, while each credit could be worth around £4,000, and few drivers own the expensive charger needed. Vicky Edmonds of the Electric Vehicle Association England said most drivers are still thinking about simpler questions, such as the cost of cars and charging.

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关注电动汽车转型的组织 New AutoMotive 的本·内尔姆斯称 V2G 是“令人兴奋的技术”，但他说，只有在这项技术真正被使用时，汽车制造商才应得到奖励。他指出，相关设备只需几百英镑，而每个积分可能价值约 4000 英镑，而且很少有车主拥有所需的昂贵充电器。英格兰电动汽车协会的维姬·埃德蒙兹表示，大多数车主仍在考虑更简单的问题，比如汽车和充电的费用。

Nothing has been decided yet. A public consultation on the rules closed on 23 October, and the answers may shape future changes. For now, the question is not only whether cars can give power back, but who should benefit.

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目前一切尚未决定。关于这些规定的公众意见征询已于 10 月 23 日结束，收到的意见可能会影响今后的修改。眼下的问题不只是汽车能否把电送回去，还有谁应该从中受益。

新闻来源

• The Guardian · UK looking to give carmakers incentives to turn EVs into ‘power plants on wheels’ (26 Oct 2026)
• GOV.UK · Zero emission vehicle mandate review (consultation, 14 Aug – 23 Oct 2026)

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