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医生能不能给孤独的人“开”一张去公园散步的处方？这种做法被称为“基于自然的社会处方”。西班牙巴塞罗那的一项随机对照试验招募了来自12个低收入社区的320名孤独成年人：一半人每周参加一次由引导员带领的户外小组活动，持续九周，内容包括园艺、观鸟和户外艺术；另一半人拿到同样的免费户外活动清单，自行参加。结果两组的孤独感都有所下降，一年后降幅接近17%，两种方式总体差别不明显；但对起初更孤独、情绪状态较差的人，小组活动效果更好。研究也有局限：整体生活质量没有明显改善，而且缺少完全不提供帮助的对照组。文章按“问题—研究—解释—局限”展开，阅读时可留意 however、so 等词如何表达转折与因果，以及 may、suggests 如何限定结论。

正文

Can a doctor prescribe a walk in the park? In some places, the idea is already being tested. A new study from Barcelona, Spain, suggests that time spent in nature can make lonely people feel less alone, and that the effect may last for at least a year.

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医生能开出“去公园散步”的处方吗？在一些地方，这个想法已经在接受检验。西班牙巴塞罗那的一项新研究表明，在大自然中度过时间可以让孤独的人不那么孤单，而且这种效果可能至少持续一年。

Loneliness is a common problem. About one in six people around the world feel lonely on a regular basis. In Barcelona, loneliness rates have doubled in recent years, partly because fewer families live together across generations and relatives have moved apart. Doctors can treat the health problems that loneliness may bring, but they have few tools to treat the feeling itself.

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孤独是一个常见问题。全世界大约每六个人中就有一人经常感到孤独。在巴塞罗那，近年来孤独率翻了一番，部分原因是几代人同住的家庭变少了，亲戚之间也分散各地。医生可以治疗孤独可能带来的健康问题，但对于孤独感本身，他们却没有多少办法。

The study, published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, followed 320 adults from 12 low-income neighbourhoods. Most were women, and their typical age was about 63. Half joined small groups of eight to ten people. For nine weeks, each group met once a week for two hours to garden, watch birds or make art outdoors, with two trained leaders. The other half received a list of the same free outdoor activities and could do them on their own.

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这项研究发表在《柳叶刀·区域健康（欧洲）》上，跟踪了来自12个低收入社区的320名成年人。其中大多数是女性，典型年龄约为63岁。一半人加入了8到10人的小组。在九周里，每个小组每周聚会一次，每次两小时，在两名受过培训的带领者陪同下进行园艺、观鸟或户外艺术创作。另一半人则拿到一份同样免费的户外活动清单，可以自己去参加。

Both groups improved. After three months, their loneliness scores had fallen by about 11 percent on average. After a year, the drop was nearly 17 percent. The researchers found no clear overall difference between the two approaches. However, the group sessions worked better for people who started out lonelier or with poorer emotional health. Fewer people also dropped out early from the group activities than from the other option.

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两组都有改善。三个月后，他们的孤独感得分平均下降了约11%。一年后，降幅接近17%。研究人员发现，两种方式在总体上没有明显差别。不过，对于起初更孤独或情绪健康较差的人，小组活动的效果更好。此外，小组活动中早期退出的人也比另一种方式少。

Why might nature help? Jill Litt, an environmental health professor at the University of Colorado Boulder and one of the study’s authors, said the sights, sounds and smells of nature can help people relax and connect with others. As some participants put it, “Nature doesn’t judge you.” Many of them still meet today for outdoor activities.

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大自然为什么可能有帮助？科罗拉多大学博尔德分校环境健康教授、该研究作者之一吉尔·利特（Jill Litt）说，大自然的景色、声音和气味可以帮助人们放松，并与他人建立联系。正如一些参与者所说：“大自然不会评判你。”他们中许多人至今仍会相约参加户外活动。

The results also have limits. The programme did not clearly improve people’s overall quality of life, and both groups received some kind of help, so the study cannot show how much they would have changed with no support at all. The Barcelona trial is part of a larger project that has tested the same idea in six cities in Europe, Latin America and Australia.

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这些结果也有局限。该项目并没有明显改善人们的整体生活质量；而且两组都得到了某种形式的帮助，因此这项研究无法说明，如果完全没有任何支持，他们会发生多大变化。巴塞罗那试验是一个更大项目的一部分，该项目已在欧洲、拉丁美洲和澳大利亚的六座城市检验了同样的思路。

Litt now hopes to run similar trials in the United States. She would like health insurance to pay one day for things such as community garden memberships and birdwatching clubs.

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利特现在希望在美国开展类似的试验。她希望有一天，医疗保险能为社区菜园会员和观鸟俱乐部之类的活动买单。

新闻来源

• Axios · Nature could be the prescription for loneliness (23 Oct 2026)
• CU Boulder Today · Can a prescription for nature help cure the loneliness epidemic? (13 Oct 2026)
• The Lancet Regional Health – Europe · RECETAS-BCN randomised controlled trial (Oct 2026)

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