中文导读

上过早班或夜班的人都知道，工作会“偷走”睡眠。但乌拉圭的一项新研究发现，这种损失并非人人相同，而是部分取决于一个人的“时间型”（chronotype），也就是天生偏向早起还是晚睡。研究者调查了蒙得维的亚一家工厂的85名轮班工人：早班和夜班工作日的主睡眠比午班少约三小时，工人们在一半以上的这类工作日里靠午睡补觉，但一周总睡眠仍不足专家建议的七小时。“夜猫子”型工人在大多数工作日睡得更久、休息日也睡得更多，唯独早班日例外。文章按“现象—研究对象—主要发现—个体差异—局限与意义”展开，阅读时可留意 suggests、depends partly on、may、cannot prove 等表达如何区分研究发现、研究者建议和研究的边界。

正文

Anyone who has worked very early in the morning or late at night knows that a job can steal sleep. A new study from Uruguay suggests that this loss is not the same for everyone. It depends partly on a worker’s chronotype, the body’s natural habit of being a “morning person” or a “night owl.”

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凡是在清晨或深夜上过班的人都知道，工作会“偷走”睡眠。乌拉圭的一项新研究表明，这种损失并非人人相同。它在一定程度上取决于工人的“时间型”（chronotype），也就是身体天生偏向做“早起的人”还是“夜猫子”的习惯。

Researchers from the University of the Republic in Montevideo studied 85 workers at an industrial plant in the city. The plant runs day and night with three eight-hour shifts: morning from 6 a.m., afternoon from 2 p.m., and night from 10 p.m. Workers move slowly from one shift to the next, with rest days in between. Most people in the study were men, their average age was about 37, and they had done shift work for about 11 years.

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来自蒙得维的亚共和国大学的研究人员调查了该市一家工厂的85名工人。这家工厂昼夜运转，实行三个八小时班次：早班从早上6点开始，午班从下午2点开始，夜班从晚上10点开始。工人们缓慢地从一个班次轮换到下一个班次，中间有休息日。参与研究的大多数是男性，平均年龄约37岁，从事轮班工作约11年。

The workers answered questions about when they fell asleep, when they woke up and how often they napped. The data were collected in 2021, and the study was published on October 22 in the journal Scientific Reports. The results showed that morning and night shifts caused the biggest problems. On those workdays, the workers’ main sleep was about three hours shorter than the almost eight hours they got during the afternoon shift.

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工人们回答了关于自己何时入睡、何时醒来以及多久午睡一次的问题。数据收集于2021年，研究于10月22日发表在《科学报告》（Scientific Reports）期刊上。结果显示，早班和夜班带来的问题最大。在这些工作日里，工人的主睡眠比午班期间近八小时的睡眠少了大约三小时。

Many workers tried to make up for this. They napped on more than half of their morning and night workdays, but on only about 2% of afternoon workdays. Those naps often lasted nearly an hour. Even so, their total sleep on those days stayed close to six hours. Over a whole week of morning or night shifts, it was still below the seven hours that experts recommend.

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许多工人设法弥补这一点。他们在一半以上的早班和夜班工作日里会小睡，而在午班工作日里只有约2%会小睡。这些小睡往往持续将近一个小时。即便如此，他们在这些日子里的总睡眠仍只有六小时左右。在整整一周的早班或夜班期间，他们的睡眠仍低于专家建议的七小时。

Chronotype made a clear difference. Most workers in the group were night owls. For every hour later a worker’s natural body clock was, he or she slept about 20 to 25 more minutes on most kinds of workdays. Night owls also took longer naps on morning-shift days and slept longer on days off. Early shifts were the exception: on morning-shift workdays, later types actually got less main sleep.

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时间型带来了明显差异。这群工人中大多数是“夜猫子”。工人的自然生物钟每晚一小时，他或她在大多数类型的工作日里就会多睡约20到25分钟。“夜猫子”在早班日的小睡也更长，休息日也睡得更久。早班是个例外：在早班工作日，生物钟偏晚的人实际上主睡眠更少。

The researchers point out several limits. The workers reported their own sleep, all of them came from a single plant, and the study looked at only one period of time, so it cannot prove that chronotype causes the differences. Still, the team says that thinking about workers’ body clocks when planning shifts may help protect their sleep, and that this idea deserves more research.

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研究人员指出了几项局限。工人的睡眠由他们自己报告，所有人都来自同一家工厂，而且研究只考察了一个时间段，因此无法证明是时间型导致了这些差异。不过，研究团队表示，在安排班次时考虑工人的生物钟，可能有助于保护他们的睡眠，这一想法值得进一步研究。

新闻来源

• Scientific Reports · The later, the better: evening chronotypes in Uruguayan shift workers are associated with longer sleep in an observational study (22 Oct 2026)

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