中文导读 很多人一天会打开社交媒体许多次,有些人即使影响了睡眠、工作或心情也很难停下来,研究者把这称为“问题性社交媒体使用”。美国朗伍德大学的两位研究者在10月21日发表的一项研究中,调查了555名美国成年人,想看看这种习惯和人们在亲密关系中的感受有没有联系。心理学常把人与人之间的依恋方式分为四类:安全型(信任身边的人)、焦虑型(渴望亲近却担心对方不在身边)、回避型(喜欢保持情感距离)和恐惧型(想亲近又害怕依赖别人)。结果显示,问题性使用在安全型中最低,在恐惧型中最高;研究还发现,伴随害羞、羞耻感和怕被批评的“脆弱型自恋”与更多问题性使用有关。文章按“发现—证据—解释”展开,最后交代研究的局限:它只能说明这些因素同时出现,不能证明因果,样本也只来自美国。阅读时可留意 In other words、As the authors put it、Still 等词如何引出换句话说、引用和让步,也可留意 may、suggest 如何表达研究结论的不确定性。
正文 Many people open a social media app many times a day , and some find it hard to stop even when it hurts their sleep , work or mood . Researchers call this problematic social media use . A new study published on October 21 in the journal PLOS One suggests that this habit may be linked to the way people feel about close relationships .
本段译文 很多人一天会打开社交媒体应用许多次,有些人即使这已经影响到睡眠、工作或心情,也很难停下来。研究者把这称为“问题性社交媒体使用”。10月21日发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOS One)期刊上的一项新研究表明,这种习惯可能与人们对亲密关系的感受有关。
The study was carried out by Chris Bjornsen and Allen Harbaugh of Longwood University in the United States . They asked 555 adults , who were found through social media and online survey apps , to answer 76 questions online . The questions covered how people relate to others , two kinds of narcissism , and how they use social media .
本段译文 这项研究由美国朗伍德大学的克里斯·比约恩森(Chris Bjornsen)和艾伦·哈博(Allen Harbaugh)完成。他们请555名通过社交媒体和在线调查应用招募的成年人在网上回答了76个问题。这些问题涉及人们如何与他人相处、两种类型的自恋,以及他们如何使用社交媒体。
Psychologists often describe four attachment styles . People with a secure style generally trust the people close to them . Anxious people want closeness but worry that others will not be there for them . Avoidant people prefer to keep some emotional distance . Fearful people want to be close to others , but they are also afraid of what may happen if they depend on someone .
本段译文 心理学家通常把依恋方式分为四种。安全型的人一般信任身边亲近的人。焦虑型的人渴望亲近,却担心别人不会在身边陪伴自己。回避型的人更喜欢保持一定的情感距离。恐惧型的人想和别人亲近,但也害怕依赖他人之后可能发生的事情。
The results showed a clear pattern . Problematic use was lowest among secure adults . It was higher in the avoidant group , higher again in the anxious group , and highest among fearful adults . In other words , the people who both wanted closeness and feared it reported the most trouble with social media . As the authors put it , adults who trust others , or who simply stay more distant , do not tend to have this problem .
本段译文 结果显示出一个清晰的规律。问题性使用在安全型成年人中最低;在回避型群体中较高,在焦虑型群体中更高,而在恐惧型成年人中最高。换句话说,那些既渴望亲近又害怕亲近的人,报告的社交媒体使用问题最多。用作者的话说,信任他人的成年人,或者只是与他人保持较远距离的成年人,往往不会有这种问题。
The study also looked at narcissism , which includes a strong need for admiration . The “grandiose ” type often comes with an outgoing personality and little concern for other people’s feelings , and it was not clearly related to problematic use . The “vulnerable ” type , which comes with shyness , shame and a fear of criticism , was linked to higher problematic use . The researchers suggest that such people may go online to get attention that is hard to find in real life .
本段译文 研究还考察了自恋,自恋包括强烈希望得到他人赞赏的需求。“夸大型”自恋常常伴随外向的性格,以及对他人感受的漠不关心,它与问题性使用没有明显关联。“脆弱型”自恋伴随着害羞、羞耻感和对批评的恐惧,它与更多的问题性使用相关。研究者认为,这类人可能会上网寻求在现实生活中难以得到的关注。
The findings have limits . The survey can show that these things appear together , but it cannot prove that one causes another . All of the participants were from the US , so the results may not apply to other countries . Still , the authors say the study may be useful for doctors , researchers and prevention programs . For some heavy users , the real need may be closeness and reassurance , not the app itself .
本段译文 这些发现也有局限。这项调查能说明这些因素同时出现,但不能证明其中一个导致了另一个。所有参与者都来自美国,因此结果未必适用于其他国家。尽管如此,作者表示,这项研究可能对医生、研究者和预防项目有用。对一些重度使用者来说,他们真正需要的也许是亲近感和安慰,而不是应用本身。
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