中文导读 城市的街道清洁、图书馆开放、公交运行，背后有大量为市、县和州政府工作的公共服务人员。哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的研究团队 The People Lab 于10月21日发布了一项全国调查，询问了美国50个州近5000名州和地方政府雇员的工作状况。研究者称，这是迄今对地方政府工作环境最全面的分析；联邦政府雇员长期有类似的年度调查，州和地方层面此前却没有。结果显示，82%的受访者至少比较满意自己的工作，60%表示满意或非常满意；但40%报告了至少一种职业倦怠迹象，27%打算在未来12个月内离职。约35%的人过去一年在工作中遭遇过欺凌、威胁、攻击或骚扰，其中22%来自同事或上司，17%来自居民或媒体，遭遇骚扰者更容易感到情绪耗竭、想要离职。州政府雇员的满意度低于市县雇员、离职意向更高，但州雇员样本只有约320人，团队计划以后扩大样本。文章按“现象—数据—原因与差异—意义”展开，阅读时可留意 However、But、while 等词如何把“满意”与“疲惫”两面联系起来，以及 may、suggested 如何表示研究者的推测。
正文 Who keeps the streets clean , the libraries open and the buses running ? In the United States , much of this work is done by people who work for cities , counties and states . A new survey suggests that most of them like their jobs . However , many are also tired , and some have been treated badly at work .
本段译文 谁让街道保持干净、图书馆照常开放、公交车正常运行？在美国，这些工作很多是由为城市、县和州政府工作的人完成的。一项新调查表明，他们中的大多数人喜欢自己的工作。然而，许多人也很疲惫，还有一些人在工作中受到过恶劣对待。
The survey was released on October 21 by The People Lab , a research group at Harvard University’s Kennedy School . It asked nearly public servants across all 50 states about their working lives . The researchers say it is the most complete study so far of workplace conditions in local governments Federal workers have long been studied this way , but there was no similar national survey for state and local workers .
本段译文 这项调查由哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的研究团队 The People Lab 于10月21日发布。它询问了美国全部50个州近5000名公共服务人员的工作生活状况。研究者称，这是迄今对地方政府工作环境最全面的研究。联邦政府雇员长期以来都有这样的调查，但州和地方政府雇员此前没有类似的全国性调查。
The good news is clear . About 82% of the workers said they were at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs , and 60% said they were satisfied or very satisfied . Elizabeth Linos , who leads The People Lab , said it was good news that people were still proud to say they work for the government
本段译文 好消息很明确。约82%的受访者表示至少比较满意自己的工作，60%表示满意或非常满意。The People Lab 负责人伊丽莎白·利诺斯（Elizabeth Linos）说，人们仍然自豪地说自己为政府工作，这是个好消息。
But the same survey also showed a harder side . Forty percent of the workers reported at least one sign of burnout , and 27% said they planned to leave their jobs within the next 12 months . Linos noted that this is happening without a pandemic or another crisis . To her , the numbers show how much more support public servants need .
本段译文 但同一调查也显示了更艰难的一面。40%的受访者报告了至少一种职业倦怠迹象，27%表示计划在未来12个月内离职。利诺斯指出，这种情况并不是在疫情或其他危机期间出现的。在她看来，这些数字表明公共服务人员还需要多得多的支持。
Harassment appears to be part of the problem . About 35% said they had been bullied , threatened attacked or harassed at work in the past year . For 22%, this came from inside , from coworkers or bosses , while 17% faced it from outside , from residents or the media . Those who faced harassment were more likely to feel emotionally exhausted and to want to leave .
本段译文 骚扰似乎是问题的一部分。约35%的人表示，过去一年曾在工作中被欺凌、威胁、攻击或骚扰。其中22%的人遭遇的骚扰来自内部，即同事或上司；17%的人遭遇的骚扰来自外部，即居民或媒体。遭遇过骚扰的人更有可能感到情绪耗竭，也更想离职。
The results also differed by level of government State employees were less satisfied and more likely to plan to leave than those working for cities and counties . However , only about 320 state workers took part , compared with more than 4,400 in local governments , so the team plans to include more of them . Linos suggested one possible reason : people may feel happier when they can see the effects of their work more directly , which is often easier in local government
本段译文 结果还因政府层级而不同。与为市、县工作的人相比，州政府雇员满意度更低，也更可能计划离职。不过，参与调查的州政府雇员只有约320人，而地方政府雇员超过4400人，因此团队计划纳入更多州雇员。利诺斯提出了一种可能的原因：当人们能更直接地看到自己工作的效果时，可能会更开心，而在地方政府这往往更容易做到。
Linos believes these findings matter beyond the workers themselves . Problems such as transport , housing and climate change all depend on a public sector that works well , she said . Yet much of their work is hidden from the public
本段译文 利诺斯认为，这些发现的意义不只关乎这些雇员本身。她说，交通、住房和气候变化等问题都依赖一个运转良好的公共部门。然而，他们的大部分工作是公众看不到的。
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