中文导读

风除了吹动树叶，会不会也影响陆地吸收碳、流失水的效率？中国科学院傅征团队新研究提示：风速是常被忽视却相当重要的因素。研究者分析全球森林、草地与农田等监测站数据，即便控制温度、降水、辐射、大气干燥度与二氧化碳后，近八成站点仍显示强风对应更低的水分利用效率；其响应强度的中位值甚至高于上述其他环境因子。机制上，强风更像加速晾干湿衣，主要通过蒸发与蒸腾增加水分流失，常绿针叶林与湿润区尤为敏感。地球系统模型显示，未来风速变化可能显著改变该效率，但幅度因气候情景而异。文中据《自然·气候变化》论文及phys.org 2026年10月16日报道改写。

正文

Wind does more than move leaves. A new study says it also helps decide how efficiently ecosystems take in carbon while losing water. Researchers led by Fu Zheng at the Chinese Academy of Sciences call that balance water-use efficiency. The findings were published in Nature Climate Change on October 15, 2026.

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风不只吹动树叶。一项新研究指出，它也帮助决定生态系统在吸收碳的同时流失水分的效率。中国科学院傅征团队把这种平衡称为水分利用效率。相关结果于2026年10月15日发表在《自然·气候变化》上。

The team studied monitoring sites around the world, covering forests, grasslands, croplands and other land types. Even after they accounted for temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, atmospheric dryness and carbon dioxide concentration, stronger winds were linked to lower water-use efficiency at nearly 80% of the sites. Across those places, water-use efficiency showed a stronger median response to wind speed than to the other environmental factors they examined. That result, the authors say, highlights a force that climate models have often treated lightly.

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研究团队分析了全球多处监测站数据，覆盖森林、草地、农田等陆地类型。即便在控制温度、降水、太阳辐射、大气干燥度和二氧化碳浓度之后，仍有近80%的站点显示：风速越强，水分利用效率越低。在这些地点上，水分利用效率对风速的中位响应，强于对其他环境因子的响应。作者认为，这一结果凸显了气候模型常被轻视的一股力量。

Why would wind matter so much? The researchers compare it to a breeze drying wet clothes. Stronger wind removes moist air from around vegetation, so water escapes more easily into the atmosphere. Most of the drop in efficiency came from higher water loss through evaporation and plant transpiration. A smaller share came from reduced carbon uptake during photosynthesis. Evergreen needleleaf forests and ecosystems in humid regions were especially sensitive to changes in wind speed.

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风为何如此重要？研究者把它比作微风吹干湿衣服：强风带走植被周围的湿润空气，水分更容易逸入大气。效率下降主要来自蒸发与植物蒸腾导致的水分流失增加；光合作用中碳吸收减少的贡献较小。常绿针叶林以及湿润地区的生态系统对风速变化尤为敏感。

Water-use efficiency matters because it shows how ecosystems balance growth with limited water. Plants absorb carbon dioxide while their leaves lose water, and soils also dry through evaporation. Understanding that trade-off is central to predicting how land responds to climate change. If models ignore wind, they may misjudge future carbon storage and water stress on many continents. Using Earth system models, the team found that future shifts in wind speed could change water-use efficiency by a substantial amount, though the size of the effect differed across climate scenarios.

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水分利用效率之所以重要，是因为它显示生态系统如何在有限水分下平衡生长。植物吸收二氧化碳的同时叶片失水，土壤也会蒸发变干。理解这一权衡，对预测陆地如何响应气候变化至关重要。若模型忽视风，就可能误判未来许多大陆的碳储存与水分胁迫。团队用地球系统模型进一步发现，未来风速变化可使水分利用效率发生显著改变，但其效应大小因气候情景而异。

The study does not claim that wind is the only important factor. Temperature, rainfall and carbon dioxide still clearly matter for plant growth and water cycles. It simply adds an often overlooked piece: wind can push ecosystems to lose more water for each unit of carbon they absorb. As regional wind patterns keep changing worldwide, the authors argue, putting wind more carefully into global climate models could improve predictions of how forests and fields will take up carbon and hold onto water in a warming world.

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研究并不声称风是唯一重要因素。温度、降水和二氧化碳对植物生长与水循环显然仍很关键。它只是补上常被忽视的一环：风可能推动生态系统为吸收每一单位碳而流失更多水分。作者认为，随着区域风场持续变化，把风更细致地写入全球气候模型，或可改善对森林与农田固碳与保水前景的预测。

新闻来源

• phys.org · Wind emerges as overlooked factor in ecosystems’ carbon uptake and water loss (16 Oct 2026)
• Nature Climate Change · High wind speed reduces water use efficiency across terrestrial ecosystems (DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02781-z)

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