中文导读

匈牙利正尝试把秋季捕鱼后留下的鱼塘水引向农田、公园与湿地。这种做法没有创造更多水，却通过改变水的去向与使用顺序，为抗旱提供了一个务实思路。

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On October 12, workers at a large fish farm in Biharugra, eastern Hungary, began their autumn harvest. After the fish were removed, the water in the ponds was not simply sent into rivers. The farm and Hungary’s national water authority planned to guide it toward dry fields and parks. The plan is being coordinated with regional water offices, so the flow is controlled rather than left to chance. The idea is simple: water that has finished one job can start another.

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10月12日，匈牙利东部比豪鲁格拉一家大型养鱼场的工人开始秋季捕鱼。鱼儿被捞出后，池塘里的水并没有直接排入河流。养鱼场与匈牙利国家水务部门计划把水引向干旱的田地和公园。这项计划正与各地区水务机构协调，因此水流会受到控制，而不是任其偶然流动。道理很简单：完成一项任务的水，可以开始另一项任务。

Hungary needs such ideas after a very dry summer. Heat and drought pushed river levels to record lows. Cargo boats had trouble moving, and low water also affected the Paks nuclear power plant, which uses river water for cooling. The government announced a national strategy in August that gives natural water retention a higher place. Autumn rain has improved conditions, but officials say the country must prepare for more extreme and less predictable weather.

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经过一个极其干燥的夏天，匈牙利需要这样的办法。高温与干旱使河流水位降至历史低点。货船通行遇到困难，低水位也影响了帕克什核电站，因为该电站利用河水冷却。政府8月公布了一项国家战略，更加重视自然蓄水。秋雨已改善状况，但官员说，这个国家必须为更极端、更难预测的天气做好准备。

In the past, fish farms usually released pond water into canals and rivers during the harvest. In recent years, some farms have instead moved it into nearby wetlands. Farmers and national parks are now asking for this water too. This change does not create more water. It changes where the water goes and how long it stays in the local landscape.

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过去，养鱼场在捕鱼季通常把池塘水排入运河和河流。近几年，一些养鱼场改为把水引入附近的湿地。农民和国家公园现在也开始请求使用这些水。这种变化没有创造更多的水，而是改变了水流向哪里，以及它在当地地貌中停留多久。

The possible scale is large. Hungary has about 27,000 hectares of fish ponds. The industry group MA-HAL says the ponds can normally hold around 350 million cubic metres. Even after this year’s drought, they hold nearly 300 million cubic metres, about the amount in 120,000 Olympic-size swimming pools. MA-HAL wants the water-sharing plan to reach ponds across the country.

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潜在规模很大。匈牙利约有2.7万公顷鱼塘。行业组织MA-HAL表示，这些鱼塘通常可容纳约3.5亿立方米水。即使经历今年的干旱，其中仍有近3亿立方米，相当于12万个奥运会标准游泳池的水量。MA-HAL希望让这项水资源共享计划覆盖全国各地的鱼塘。

Pond water can support more than crops. MA-HAL said the ponds became the last water source for many animals in 2026. A European Commission report on the Biharugra system says its ponds also provide homes for birds, frogs and mammals. Moving water into wetlands may therefore help both farming and nature, if experts choose the route carefully.

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池塘水不仅能支持农作物。MA-HAL说，2026年这些鱼塘成了许多动物最后的水源。欧盟委员会一份关于比豪鲁格拉鱼塘系统的报告称，那里也为鸟类、青蛙和哺乳动物提供栖息地。因此，如果专家谨慎选择路线，把水引入湿地或许能同时帮助农业与自然环境。

There are limits. Not every field or wetland is close to a pond, and canals must be managed so water reaches the right place. The total pond capacity is not the same as water that can be used at once. Still, the project shows a practical shift in thinking. In a dry country, saving water may begin not with finding a new source, but with giving an old source a second purpose.

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这项做法也有局限。并非每块田地或湿地都靠近鱼塘，而且必须妥善管理运河，让水到达合适的地方。鱼塘总容量并不等于可一次使用的水量。尽管如此，该项目仍显示了思路上的务实转变。在一个干旱的国家，节水也许并非始于寻找新水源，而是让旧水源承担第二个用途。

新闻来源

• Reuters · Hungary uses water from fish farming to revive drought-hit land
• MA-HAL · Országos összefogás a hazai vízbázisért, a tájba juttatják a halastavak vizét az őszi lehalászások során
• European Commission · Preserving heritage, boosting sustainability: Biharugra’s fishpond in Hungary

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